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TERM	DEFINITION
Acute	Means that something (usually a disorder or a symptom) has come on quickly with a high degree of impact on a person.
Addiction	Is continuing to use a substance for nonmedical purposes despite wanting or trying to stop using it.
Antidepressant medicine	A medicine that is usually used to treat the symptoms of depression or anxiety disorders.
Antipsychotics	Are medicines that are often used to help treat psychosis. Sometimes they can also be used to treat mood swings or extreme behaviors.
Affect	Is the emotional experience that someone feels inside of themselves that can be recognized by others. For example: if you are looking/acting sad you can be recognized by someone else as you are feeling sad.
Antisocial personality disorder	People with antisocial personality disorder have a long pattern of violating the rights of others. It begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.
Agoraphobia	A fear and avoidance of situations where you might feel unsafe or unable to escape if you have a panic attack.
Anhedonia	Is a word used to describe a lack of pleasure. Sometimes, people suffering with depression will experience anhedonia.
Anorexia Nervosa	A type of eating disorder. The main features that a person with Anorexia will experience are: refusing to maintain a minimally reasonable body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and an unrealistic perception of their body image
Anxiety	A type of body signal, or group of sensations. A person with anxiety experiences a variety of physical sensations that are linked with thoughts that make them feel apprehensive or fearful.
Avolition	Having little or no motivation or drive to do things.
Anxiety Disorders	A group of common mental disorders. People with Anxiety Disorder will experience things like mental and physical tension about their surroundings, apprehension about the future, and will have unrealistic fears.
Asperger’s	People with Asperger’s experience repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests that may lead to impaired functioning at work and socially.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)	A term used in the past to diagnose what is now called ADHD (see Attention Deficit Hyper-Activity Disorder).
Attention Deficit Hyper-Activity Disorder (ADHD)	A mental disorder that is usually lifelong and associated with a delay in how the brain matures and how it processes information. People with ADHD usually have varying degrees of difficulty paying attention, being impulsive, and being overactive which causes problems at home, in school, and in social situations.
Atypical antipsychotics	Newer types of medicines that help treat psychosis. See Antipsychotics above.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)	A life-long mental disorder in which the person suffers with significant abnormal development of social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication.
Axon	The long, fibre-like part of a nerve cell (neuron) in the brain or spinal cord by which information is carried to other nerve cells.
Benzodiazepines	Medications that are used to treat a number of different mental disorders – most commonly anxiety.
Bipolar Disorder (manic depression	A mood disorder. People with Bipolar Disorder have experienced at least one full depressive episode and at least one manic episode.
Bipolar Disorder type 2 (hypo-manic depression)	People with Bipolar Disorder type 2 experience at least one full depressive episode and at least one hypo-manic episode
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)	People with BPD have difficulty in regulating their emotions and can experience intense bouts of anger, depression, and anxiety that may last from hours to days or longer.
Brain	The center of: adaptation, exploration, procreation and civilization. It is the master control of you and your body. You are what your brain is.
Amygdala	Is responsible for emotional memories, responses to fear, emotions and arousal, as well as being involved in the release of hormones that prepare the body for action.
Brain stem	Relays messages from the body to the rest of the brain and vice versa. It also helps control many of the body’s vital functions (breathing, digestion, heart rate, sleep and arousal)
Cerebellum	Is important for coordinating movement, controlling balance and muscle tone.
Cerebrum	The largest part of the brain responsible for “higher functions” such as concentration, reason and abstract thinking.
Frontal lobe	Is important in controlling movement, planning behavior (actions), reasoning, emotions, and problem solving.
Gray matter	Is the part of the brain that is dark in color. It is mostly made up of nerve cells (neurons).
Hippocampus	Is involved in turning emotional information into memory, learning, and regulating(controlling) emotional responses.
Hypothalamus	Communicates with the limbic system to influence behavior and emotions, controlling body functions such as temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual drive, stress reactions. Also helps control hormone release from the pituitary gland of the brain-endocrine system.
Limbic system	Is made up of a group of brain parts that help control emotions, memory, motivation, appetite, and arousal.
Locus Coeruleus	Is a small area in the brain stem containing nerve cells that activate the norepinephrine system that signals anxiety and fear.
Myelin	Իs a kind of insulation that covers axons and helps nerve signals move more quickly. Myelin is also often called “white matter” because it looks white․
Occipital lobe	Is responsible for vision.
Parietal lobe	Is responsible for recognition (i.e. knowing what things are), body movement in space, as well as taste and some touch.
Temporal lobe	Is important in the processing (i.e. knowing what things mean) and recognition (i.e. knowing what things are) of sounds as well as, the recognition and memory of objects and faces.
Thalamus	Receives information from all parts of the nervous system and relays it to the appropriate parts of the brain that deal with sensation and motor (movement) signals. It also helps to regulate sleep and wakefulness.
Bulimia Nervosa	An eating disorder often just called Bulimia characterized by excessive uncontrollable eating (binges of large amounts of food) over a short period of time, which is then followed by actions that try to get rid of the calories consumed (e.g. vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercise). This behavior is repetitive and often followed by feelings of depression, This behavior is repetitive and often followed by feelings of depression, self-disgust, and guilt. Bulimia can be effectively treated with psychological therapy or medications.
Calorie (aka kilocalorie)	A unit of measurement to calculate heat expenditure or energy. It is often used to determine how much energy is in food or how much energy is used in physical activity. For example an apple may contain 80 kcal of energy or a person may use 50 kcal walking down stairs.
Chronic	Something that is there most of the time for a long time. Often used to describe a disorder that lasts for years or more.
Circadian Rhythm	The body’s biological clock with a cycle of about 24 hours. It helps control our sleep and wake cycle as well as temperature and hormone variations.
Clinic	A setting where various health professionals work directly with patients.
Clinical	An activity that takes place between a health provider and a patient (for example: diagnosis, treatments, etc.).
Cognition	The mental processes associated with thinking, learning, planning, memory etc.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy	A form of psychotherapy (talk therapy), designed to help treat various mental disorders. It focuses on changing the persons’ thoughts and behaviors to help reverse the person’s symptoms and help increase the person’s functioning.
Cognitive Symptoms	Disruptions in normal thoughts. Some medical disorders can interfere with cognition. For example: negative thoughts in depression (“I am a useless person”) or delusions (see below) in psychosis (“The FBI is plotting against me”) or difficulties in planning or problem solving, etc.
Community treatment	Pproviding various kinds of treatments and services in the community instead of in the hospital. For example: in the doctor’s office, in a health clinic or health center, in a school, etc. roviding various kinds of treatments and services in the community instead of in the hospital. For example: in the doctor’s office, in a health clinic or health center, in a school, etc.
Community Treatment Order	A legal document that allows or stipulates that a person with a mental disorder will receive treatment while they live in the community.
Comorbidity (aka dual diagnosis)	Describes the presence of two disorders that may be associated in a person. For example, someone who has been diagnosed with a Substance Abuse Disorder of Alcohol and Depression.