Cyclothymia is a relatively rare mood disorder characterized by cyclical shifts in mood - from elation to sadness and back. This condition is often described as a milder form of bipolar disorder, but unlike bipolar disorder, these mood swings are typically frequent and occur without stable periods in between. Due to the mildness of symptoms, people with cyclothymia rarely seek professional help and are often misdiagnosed.

What is Cyclothymia?

Cyclothymia is defined by relatively mild and short-lived episodes of elevated mood (hypomania), usually lasting a few days, followed by equally mild depressive episodes (depression or hypothymia). A two-year period is typically considered necessary for diagnosis.

Symptoms of hypothymia may include a reduced interest in social interaction, difficulty making decisions, problems with concentration and memory, indifference, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, guilt, irritability, disturbances in appetite and sleep, reduced libido, and fatigue.

Hyperthymia symptoms can involve a consistently mildly elevated mood, increased energy and activity, a sense of well-being and physical and mental sharpness, talkativeness, heightened sociability, increased sexual activity, and reduced need for sleep. Sometimes, instead of euphoric sociability, individuals may show irritability, anger, and rude behavior. Focus and attention can become impaired, negatively affecting both work and rest.

Currently, the main factor in the development of cyclothymia is believed to be genetic predisposition. However, having a family history of affective disorders doesn’t necessarily mean a person will develop cyclothymia. In most cases, it is triggered by adverse environmental conditions.

Cyclothymia typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is equally common in men and women. On average, it affects about 0.4% of the general population.

Impact on Life

While cyclothymia can be exhausting, it usually does not cause significant functional impairment or social rejection. However, the emotional ups and downs can be draining for both the individual and those close to them.

During hypomanic episodes, people with cyclothymic disorder may experience high energy, which can lead to professional success, leadership, achievements, or artistic productivity. However, excessive excitement, depression, or unstable moods may result in inconsistent performance at work or school, frequent changes of residence, repeated breakups or divorces, and the development of comorbid conditions such as alcohol abuse or substance use disorders. Furthermore, cyclothymia may evolve into bipolar disorder or shift into more extreme mood fluctuations.

Treatment

People with cyclothymia often don’t perceive hypomanic states as problematic, and they may seek help only due to recurrent depression or other reasons. Nevertheless, treatment is essential as it can significantly improve quality of life.

The primary treatment for cyclothymia is psychotherapy, with mood stabilizers sometimes being prescribed. If the depression is not severe or prolonged, antidepressants are generally avoided, as they may exacerbate mood cycling.

Among psychotherapeutic approaches, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) are recommended for cyclothymia. IPSRT focuses on stabilizing daily rhythms—such as sleep, meals, and activity levels. A consistent routine helps in better mood regulation.

Adopting a suitable lifestyle and self-care practices is also crucial. For example, working with a flexible schedule or pursuing a career in a creative field may be more compatible with life with this condition.

Support groups can be especially helpful for individuals with cyclothymia, offering a space to share experiences and emotions with others facing similar challenges.