The internal experiences of people with anorexia nervosa are complex and contradictory. On the one hand, they strive for total control and an ideal body; on the other, their lives are filled with suffering, anxiety, and self-criticism. Understanding this inner struggle is essential for providing effective support and treatment - something especially urgent in the case of anorexia.

 

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person intentionally restricts food intake with the goal of losing weight. It is characterized by a range of behavioral and cognitive changes that can ultimately lead to life-threatening conditions.

Doctors diagnose anorexia nervosa when a person consistently refuses food or consumes only minimal amounts of it. This is accompanied by an intense fear of gaining weight, even when the person is visibly underweight. People with this disorder have a distorted body image, perceiving themselves as overweight even when they are dangerously thin.
At some point, physical symptoms also develop, including weight loss, weakness, fatigue, low body temperature, hair loss, and in women, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation).

Anorexia nervosa is most often diagnosed in young women between ages 15 and 24, though it can affect people of any gender and age. The estimated prevalence in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 1%.

The causes of anorexia nervosa are complex and multifactorial. They include genetic factors (family history of eating disorders), psychological traits such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety disorders. Social pressures - especially those from society and media to conform to specific beauty standards - also play a significant role.

 

Impact on Life

Life for someone with anorexia nervosa resembles a constant internal battle, filled with conflicting emotions. Their inner world is marked by extreme tension and ongoing self-monitoring. Each day is dominated by thoughts about food, weight, and appearance.
The fear of weight gain overrides all other emotions, while the desired body image remains unattainable - even when they are severely underweight, they see themselves in the mirror as too fat.
This results in chronic dissatisfaction and a growing urge to tighten restrictions. Many individuals with anorexia only feel successful and in control of their lives when they meet their target weight - a number that keeps dropping in their mind.

Eating is often associated with intense guilt and shame. Every meal is seen as a personal failure, while refusing food becomes a source of pride and self-validation. Any deviation from a strict eating plan may trigger panic and a sense of total loss of control.
Their emotional state is unstable. People with anorexia may be irritable or depressed. They often avoid social events involving food, and loved ones may struggle to understand this behavior, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Anorexia also causes serious physical effects. In addition to weakness, fatigue, and feeling cold, sufferers may experience dizziness and headaches. Nutritional deficiencies lead to problems with the skin, hair, nails, and teeth. In women, menstruation often stops, which is not only distressing but also highlights the severity of the condition.

 

Treatment

Treating anorexia nervosa requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving medical doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, and nutritionists.
Medical supervision is necessary to monitor physical health and manage any related illnesses.

The most effective psychotherapeutic method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which in this context focuses on distorted body image and unhealthy thoughts about food.
Nutritional support aims to help individuals build a balanced meal plan and gradually increase caloric intake.

Family therapy may also be beneficial, helping to involve family members in the treatment process, foster a supportive environment, and improve communication.

The prognosis for treating anorexia nervosa depends on early diagnosis and treatment consistency. With early intervention and a holistic approach, many people can make a full recovery and restore their health.
However, if the disorder becomes chronic, it can lead to serious complications, including organ damage and the development of other mental health disorders.

It is important to understand that recovery may take several years and requires ongoing support and understanding.